Alternative Billing

This guide explains how to implement alternative billing functionality in your app using expo-iap, allowing you to use external payment systems alongside or instead of the App Store/Google Play billing.

Official Documentation

Apple (iOS)

• StoreKit External Purchase Documentation - Official StoreKit external purchase API reference
• External Purchase Link Entitlement - Entitlement configuration
• ExternalPurchaseCustomLink API - Custom link API documentation
• OpenIAP External Purchase - OpenIAP external purchase specification

Configuration: Configure iOS alternative billing in your app.config.ts:

export default {
  // ... other config
  plugins: [
    [
      'expo-iap',
      {
        iosAlternativeBilling: {
          // Required: Countries where external purchases are supported
          countries: ['kr', 'nl', 'de', 'fr'], // ISO 3166-1 alpha-2

          // Optional: Enable external purchase link entitlement
          enableExternalPurchaseLink: true,
        },
      },
    ],
  ],
};

Google Play (Android)

• Alternative Billing APIs - Official Android alternative billing API guide
• User Choice Billing Overview - Understanding user choice billing
• User Choice Billing Pilot - Enrollment and setup
• Payments Policy - Google Play's payment policy
• UX Guidelines (User Choice) - User choice billing UX guidelines
• UX Guidelines (Alternative Billing) - Alternative billing UX guidelines
• EEA Alternative Billing - European Economic Area specific guidance

Platform Updates (2024)

iOS

• US apps can use StoreKit External Purchase Link Entitlement
• System disclosure sheet shown each time external link is accessed
• Commission: 27% (reduced from 30%) for first year, 12% for subsequent years
• EU apps have additional flexibility for external purchases

Android

• As of March 13, 2024: Alternative billing APIs must be used (manual reporting deprecated)
• Service fee reduced by 4% when using alternative billing (e.g., 15% → 11%)
• Available in South Korea, India, and EEA
• Gaming and non-gaming apps eligible (varies by region)

Overview

Alternative billing enables developers to offer payment options outside of the platform's standard billing systems:

• iOS: Redirect users to external websites for payment (iOS 16.0+)
• Android: Use Google Play's alternative billing options (requires approval)

Platform Approval Required

Both platforms require special approval to use alternative billing:

• iOS: Must be approved for external purchase entitlement
• Android: Must be approved for alternative billing in Google Play Console

iOS Alternative Billing (External Purchase URLs)

On iOS, alternative billing works by redirecting users to an external website where they complete the purchase.

Configuration

Configure iOS alternative billing in your app.config.ts:

export default {
  // ... other config
  plugins: [
    [
      'expo-iap',
      {
        iosAlternativeBilling: {
          // Required: Countries where external purchases are supported (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2)
          countries: ['kr', 'nl', 'de', 'fr', 'it', 'es'],

          // Optional: External purchase URLs per country (iOS 15.4+)
          links: {
            kr: 'https://your-site.com/kr/checkout',
            nl: 'https://your-site.com/nl/checkout',
            de: 'https://your-site.com/de/checkout',
          },

          // Optional: Multiple URLs per country (iOS 17.5+, up to 5)
          multiLinks: {
            fr: [
              'https://your-site.com/fr',
              'https://your-site.com/global-sale',
            ],
            it: ['https://your-site.com/global-sale'],
          },

          // Optional: Custom link regions (iOS 18.1+)
          customLinkRegions: ['de', 'fr', 'nl'],

          // Optional: Streaming regions for music apps (iOS 18.2+)
          streamingLinkRegions: ['at', 'de', 'fr', 'nl', 'is', 'no'],

          // Enable external purchase link entitlement
          enableExternalPurchaseLink: true,

          // Enable streaming entitlement (music apps only)
          enableExternalPurchaseLinkStreaming: false,
        },
      },
    ],
  ],
};

This automatically adds the required configuration to your iOS app:

Entitlements:

<plist>
<dict>
    <!-- Automatically added when countries are specified -->
    <key>com.apple.developer.storekit.external-purchase</key>
    <true/>

    <!-- Added when enableExternalPurchaseLink is true -->
    <key>com.apple.developer.storekit.external-purchase-link</key>
    <true/>

    <!-- Added when enableExternalPurchaseLinkStreaming is true -->
    <key>com.apple.developer.storekit.external-purchase-link-streaming</key>
    <true/>
</dict>
</plist>

Info.plist:

<plist>
<dict>
    <!-- Countries where external purchases are supported -->
    <key>SKExternalPurchase</key>
    <array>
        <string>kr</string>
        <string>nl</string>
        <string>de</string>
    </array>

    <!-- External purchase URLs (optional) -->
    <key>SKExternalPurchaseLink</key>
    <dict>
        <key>kr</key>
        <string>https://your-site.com/kr/checkout</string>
    </dict>

    <!-- Multiple URLs per country (optional) -->
    <key>SKExternalPurchaseMultiLink</key>
    <dict>
        <key>fr</key>
        <array>
            <string>https://your-site.com/fr</string>
            <string>https://your-site.com/global-sale</string>
        </array>
    </dict>
</dict>
</plist>

Requirements

• Approval Required: You must obtain approval from Apple to use external purchase features
• URL Format: URLs must use HTTPS, have no query parameters, and be 1,000 characters or fewer
• Link Limits:
  • Music streaming apps: up to 5 links per country (EU + Iceland, Norway)
  • Other apps: 1 link per country
• Supported Regions: Different features support different regions (EU, US, etc.)

See External Purchase Link Entitlement for details.

Basic Usage

import {requestPurchase} from 'expo-iap';

const purchaseWithExternalUrl = async () => {
  try {
    await requestPurchase({
      request: {
        apple: {
          sku: 'com.example.product',
          quantity: 1,
        },
      },
      type: 'in-app',
      useAlternativeBilling: true,
    });

    // User will be redirected to the external URL
    // No onPurchaseUpdated callback will fire
    console.log('User redirected to external payment site');
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Alternative billing error:', error);
  }
};

Important Notes

• iOS 16.0+ Required: External purchase links only work on iOS 16.0 and later
• No Purchase Callback: The onPurchaseUpdated callback will NOT fire when using external URLs
• Deep Link Required: Implement deep linking to return users to your app after purchase
• Manual Validation: You must validate purchases on your backend server

Complete iOS Example

import {useIAP, requestPurchase} from 'expo-iap';
import {Platform, Alert} from 'react-native';

function MyComponent() {
  const handleAlternativeBillingPurchase = async (productId: string) => {
    if (Platform.OS !== 'ios') return;

    try {
      await requestPurchase({
        request: {
          apple: {
            sku: productId,
            quantity: 1,
          },
        },
        type: 'in-app',
        useAlternativeBilling: true,
      });

      Alert.alert(
        'Redirected',
        'Complete your purchase on the external website. You will be redirected back to the app.',
      );
    } catch (error: any) {
      if (error.code === 'user-cancelled') {
        console.log('User cancelled');
      } else {
        Alert.alert('Error', error.message);
      }
    }
  };

  // ... rest of component
}

Android Alternative Billing

Android supports two alternative billing modes:

1. Alternative Billing Only: Users can ONLY use your payment system
2. User Choice Billing: Users choose between Google Play or your payment system

Mode 1: Alternative Billing Only

This mode requires a manual 3-step flow:

import {
  useIAP,
  checkAlternativeBillingAvailabilityAndroid,
  showAlternativeBillingDialogAndroid,
  createAlternativeBillingTokenAndroid,
} from 'expo-iap';

const handleAlternativeBillingOnly = async (productId: string) => {
  try {
    // Step 1: Check availability
    const isAvailable = await checkAlternativeBillingAvailabilityAndroid();
    if (!isAvailable) {
      Alert.alert('Error', 'Alternative billing not available');
      return;
    }

    // Step 2: Show information dialog
    const userAccepted = await showAlternativeBillingDialogAndroid();
    if (!userAccepted) {
      console.log('User declined');
      return;
    }

    // Step 2.5: Process payment with your payment system
    // ... your payment processing logic here ...

    // Step 3: Create reporting token (after successful payment)
    const token = await createAlternativeBillingTokenAndroid(productId);

    // Step 4: Report token to Google Play backend within 24 hours
    await reportToGoogleBackend(token);

    console.log('Alternative billing completed');
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Alternative billing error:', error);
  }
};

Mode 2: User Choice Billing

With user choice, Google automatically shows a selection dialog:

import {useIAP, requestPurchase} from 'expo-iap';

// Initialize with user choice mode
const {connected, products, fetchProducts} = useIAP({
  alternativeBillingModeAndroid: 'user-choice',
  onPurchaseSuccess: (purchase) => {
    // This fires if user selects Google Play
    console.log('Google Play purchase:', purchase);
  },
});

const handleUserChoicePurchase = async (productId: string) => {
  try {
    // Google will show selection dialog automatically
    await requestPurchase({
      request: {
        google: {
          skus: [productId],
        },
      },
      type: 'in-app',
      useAlternativeBilling: true,
    });

    // If user selects Google Play: onPurchaseSuccess callback fires
    // If user selects alternative: No callback (manual flow required)
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Purchase error:', error);
  }
};

Configuring Alternative Billing Mode

Set the billing mode when initializing the connection:

import {useIAP} from 'expo-iap';

const {connected} = useIAP({
  // 'none' (default), 'user-choice', or 'alternative-only'
  alternativeBillingModeAndroid: 'alternative-only',
});

Or use the root API:

import {initConnection, type AlternativeBillingModeAndroid} from 'expo-iap';

await initConnection({
  alternativeBillingModeAndroid:
    'alternative-only' as AlternativeBillingModeAndroid,
});

Complete Cross-Platform Example

import {Platform, Alert} from 'react-native';
import {
  useIAP,
  requestPurchase,
  checkAlternativeBillingAvailabilityAndroid,
  showAlternativeBillingDialogAndroid,
  createAlternativeBillingTokenAndroid,
  type AlternativeBillingModeAndroid,
} from 'expo-iap';

function AlternativeBillingComponent() {
  const [billingMode, setBillingMode] =
    useState<AlternativeBillingModeAndroid>('alternative-only');

  const {connected, products, fetchProducts} = useIAP({
    alternativeBillingModeAndroid:
      Platform.OS === 'android' ? billingMode : undefined,
    onPurchaseSuccess: (purchase) => {
      console.log('Purchase successful:', purchase);
    },
    onPurchaseError: (error) => {
      console.error('Purchase error:', error);
    },
  });

  const handlePurchase = async (productId: string) => {
    if (Platform.OS === 'ios') {
      // iOS: External URL
      await requestPurchase({
        request: {
          apple: {
            sku: productId,
            quantity: 1,
          },
        },
        type: 'in-app',
        useAlternativeBilling: true,
      });
    } else if (Platform.OS === 'android') {
      if (billingMode === 'alternative-only') {
        // Android: Alternative Billing Only (3-step flow)
        const isAvailable = await checkAlternativeBillingAvailabilityAndroid();
        if (!isAvailable) {
          Alert.alert('Error', 'Alternative billing not available');
          return;
        }

        const userAccepted = await showAlternativeBillingDialogAndroid();
        if (!userAccepted) return;

        // Process payment...
        const token = await createAlternativeBillingTokenAndroid(productId);
        // Report to backend...
      } else {
        // Android: User Choice
        await requestPurchase({
          request: {
            google: {
              skus: [productId],
            },
          },
          type: 'in-app',
          useAlternativeBilling: true,
        });
      }
    }
  };

  // ... rest of component
}

Best Practices

General

1. Backend Validation: Always validate purchases on your backend server
2. Clear Communication: Inform users they're leaving the app for external payment
3. Deep Linking: Implement deep links to return users to your app (iOS)
4. Error Handling: Handle all error cases gracefully

iOS Specific

1. iOS Version Check: Verify iOS 16.0+ before enabling alternative billing
2. URL Validation: Ensure external URLs are valid and secure (HTTPS)
3. No Purchase Events: Don't rely on onPurchaseUpdated when using external URLs
4. Deep Link Implementation: Crucial for returning users to your app

Android Specific

1. 24-Hour Reporting: Report tokens to Google within 24 hours
2. Mode Selection: Choose the appropriate mode for your use case
3. User Experience: User Choice mode provides better UX but shares revenue with Google
4. Backend Integration: Implement proper token reporting to Google Play

Testing

iOS Testing

1. Test on real devices running iOS 16.0+
2. Verify external URL opens correctly in Safari
3. Test deep link return flow
4. Ensure StoreKit is configured for alternative billing

Android Testing

1. Configure alternative billing in Google Play Console
2. Test both billing modes separately
3. Verify token generation and reporting
4. Test user choice dialog behavior

Troubleshooting

iOS Issues

"Feature not supported"

• Ensure iOS 16.0 or later
• Verify external purchase entitlement is approved

"External URL not opening"

• Check URL format (must be valid HTTPS)
• Verify useAlternativeBilling flag is set

"User stuck on external site"

• Implement deep linking to return to app
• Test deep link handling

Android Issues

"Alternative billing not available"

• Verify Google Play approval
• Check device and Play Store version
• Ensure billing mode is configured

"Token creation failed"

• Verify product ID is correct
• Check billing mode configuration
• Ensure user completed info dialog

"User choice dialog not showing"

• Verify alternativeBillingModeAndroid: 'user-choice'
• Ensure useAlternativeBilling: true in request
• Check Google Play configuration

Platform Requirements

• iOS: iOS 16.0+ for external purchase URLs
• Android: Google Play Billing Library 5.0+ with alternative billing enabled
• Approval: Both platforms require approval for alternative billing features

See Also

• OpenIAP Alternative Billing Specification
• Alternative Billing Example